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Display Name:   LPNF Wildlife Crossings

Description:   Roads can be harmful to wildl¡fe for several reasons: they are a source of animal mortality; they can disrupt normal animal movements; and limit the dispersal of wildlife populations. However, in some cases, wildlife can cross roads and highways more safely by using passages such as drainage culverts, bridges, underpasses, or small below-grade access roads beneath or above roads and highways.Several local studies of wildlife using crossing structures, as well as studies of roadkill counts, have occurred throughout Ventura County (Anderson,2012; LSA, 2004). A study of crossing use by various types of wildlife at various locations in Ventura County (e.9., Highway 101, State Routes 23, 126 and 118), indicated that passages beneath highways can provide important safe avenues for animals to cross roads. (Sikich and Riley,2012; Brown and Riley,2013; Moriarty and Riley, 2016). Studies that monitored wildlife use of crossing structures along the SR-23 and SR-118 noted the wide variety of animals using the crossings, including deer, raccoon, coyote, bobcat, opossum, and striped skunk (Ng et. al., 2004). ln addition, despite the SR-118 being a major barrier to movement, as evidenced by mapping of home ranges, gene flow still occurs in populations on either side of the highway because of the connectivity these crossing structures provide (Brown and Riley, 2013). Studies have further shown that small wildlifePlanning Commission Staff Report for PL16-0127 January 31, 2019 Page 19 of 42such as reptiles, amphibians, and small mammals may use cross¡ngs under small-scale roads, such as those maintained by the County's Public Works Agency. Clearly, roadway crossing structures facilitate wildlife movement through and across roads in Ventura County.The environmental context surrounding roadway crossing structures can influence the willingness of animals to cross, and proper management of some of these environmental attributes can increase the degree to which animals use these structures. For example, one study found that larger passages with vegetation close to the passage entrances, favorable habitat in the surrounding area, and low disturbance by humans were important features that influenced use of these structures by small and medium carnivores (Grilo et. al., 2008).

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